Damage Evolution of Coal with Inclusions Under Triaxial Compression

Abstract Along with the advance of working face, coal experiences different loading stages. Laboratory tests and numerical simulations fracture damage evolution aim to better understand structural stability layers. Three-dimensional lab are performed samples reconstructed using X-ray computer tomography (CT) technique get detailed information about deformation state. discrete element method (DEM)-based models generated. All calibrated against results obtained from uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) triaxial compression (TRX) in laboratory. A new approach simulate is established this work significant improved handling confinement realistic simulation results. Triaxial simulated 3D particle-based code PFC a newly developed flexible wall (FW) approach. This validated by comparison laboratory on samples. involves an updating applied force each based nature rubber sleeve. With FW approach, influence composition (matrix inclusions) peak verified. Force chain development crack distributions also affected spatial distribution inclusions inside sample. Fractures propagate through easily at low confining pressures. On contrary, high pressure, only few main fractures generated orientation towards side surfaces. The internal network investigated. microcracks quantified considering loading, confinement, character rock majority initiated boundary between matrix inclusions, along their boundaries. structure, especially has strength, deformation, pattern.